Gnostic Sects & Traditions — Complete Overview

9 articles in this section ⏱ 1 min read
About This Section

Gnosticism was never a single unified religion. It was a family of related movements — Sethians, Valentinians, Ophites, Marcionites, Basilidians, Thomasines — each with their own cosmology, texts, and practices. This section covers every major Gnostic tradition, including the medieval heirs (Cathars, Bogomils) and living descendants (Mandaeism, Manichaeism).

New here? Start with: Gnostic Beliefs & Core Teachings →
Understand the shared skeleton before exploring how each sect put different flesh on it.
10 Major Gnostic traditions covered
2nd c. Peak of Gnostic diversity
Today Mandaeism still practised
1244 Fall of last Cathar stronghold

9 Articles in This Section

01 Sethian Gnosticism The original "classic" Gnostics — Yaldabaoth, Barbelo, the Secret Book of John. 02 Valentinianism The most philosophically sophisticated Gnostic school — 30 Aeons, bridal chamber. 03 Marcionism Marcion's radical rejection of the Old Testament God. 04 Manichaeism Mani's world religion — from Rome to China. 05 Mandaeism The only surviving Gnostic religion from antiquity — still practised today. 06 The Ophites The Gnostics who honoured the serpent of Eden as a liberator. 07 Basilides & the Basilidians 365 Aeons and a Christ who was never crucified. 08 Thomasine Christianity The tradition behind the Gospel of Thomas. 09 Cathars & Catharism Medieval radical dualism — crushed by the Albigensian Crusade in 1209.

The diversity of Gnostic traditions reflects the movement's fundamental character: salvation through inner knowledge, not institutional membership, produced communities that felt free to develop their own cosmologies, texts, and practices. The result was a spectrum from the tightly systematic Valentinians to the more mythologically exuberant Sethians to the radically dualist Marcionites.

Each tradition is covered with its core beliefs, key texts, key figures, and relationship to the others. Articles for all 9 listed traditions are coming — check back as the section builds out.